However, this failed, and by the end of 1914, the Western Front consisted of a continuous line of trenches stretching from the English Channel to Switzerland. German strategy in 1914 was to first defeat France then transfer forces to the Russian front. Russia came to Serbia's defence, and by 4 August, Germany, France and Britain were drawn into the war, with the Ottoman Empire joining in November the same year. Austria-Hungary held Serbia responsible, and declared war on 28 July. This reached a breaking point on 28 June 1914, when a Bosnian Serb named Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. The first decade of the 20th century saw increasing diplomatic tension between the European great powers. Fighting took place throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. World War I (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was a global conflict fought between two coalitions, the Allied Powers and the Central Powers.
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